What defines a "minimal risk" subject in psychological research?

A "minimal risk" subject in psychological research is defined as one who faces risks that are no greater than those encountered in daily life. This concept is critical in ethical considerations for research involving human subjects. It ensures that the psychological, physical, or social risks posed to participants are comparable to what they would typically experience outside the research context.

This definition is rooted in ethical principles designed to protect participants and uphold their welfare. The key focus is on ensuring that participants are not subjected to undue harm or stress beyond what is considered normal. This aligns with the ethical guidelines established by institutions such as the American Psychological Association and federal regulations regarding human subject research.

The other options do not adequately capture the essence of what minimal risk entails. For instance, specifying a numerical probability, like "1 chance in 100," does not consider the broader context of everyday experiences and risks. Similarly, risks identified in laws might not align with the actual risk levels faced by individuals in their daily lives, making them less relevant to the concept of minimal risk in this context. Thus, focusing on the comparison to daily life is what distinctly characterizes a "minimal risk" subject in research.